Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for plaque build‑up in the arteries?

• A. Smoking
• B. Regular exercise
• C. High cholesterol
• D. Hypertension

Answer: (B)

Regular exercise is not a risk factor for plaque buildup in the arteries; it’s protective. Atherosclerosis develops when factors injure the arterial walls or worsen lipid balance, promoting plaque formation. Exercise helps by improving the lipid profile (often increasing HDL and lowering LDL), helping control weight, lowering blood pressure, and improving endothelial function, all of which reduce the likelihood of plaque forming and progressing.

Smoking contributes to plaque buildup by damaging the endothelium and increasing inflammation. High cholesterol means more circulating LDL that can deposit in artery walls, forming plaques. Hypertension puts extra stress on arterial walls, accelerating injury and plaque development. So the only option that does not promote plaque buildup is regular exercise.